Tuesday, 13 February 2024

SANSKRIT IN THE REIGN OF CHALUKYA KING



The early Chalukyas, sworn enemies of the Pallavas of Kanchi, rose to power in Karnataka of the Kanarese-speaking country in the 600 A.D. and had their first capital Vatapi, modern Badami in the Bijapur district of Bombay Presidency.

The real founder of the dynasty of Vatapi was Pulikesin I, who signalized his accession to power by the performance of the horse-sacrifice.  He has defeated the Pallava king Mahendra Varman I.  The Pallava king, Narasimha Varman I, son and successor of Maahendra  Varman I, retrieved the disasters of his father’s reign, inflicting crushing defeats on Pulikesin and destroying his capital Vatapi.

Then the Chalukya power was revived by Vikramaditya I, son of Pulikesin II, who renewed the struggle against his southern enemies.  His exploits were emulated and even surpassed by his great-grandson, Vikramaditya II also called Chalukya Vikramaditya or Vikramanka Deva, who actually entered the Pallava capital in the 11th Century A.D. 

The renowned poet Bilhana adorned the court of Chalukya Vikramaditya.  Bilhana was born and educated in Kashmir but he came to the south and became a court poet Chalukya Vikramaditya of Kalyan. He has described the life of his patron Chalukya Vikramaditya in Vikramanka Deva Charitam with 17 cantos.  His account of King Vikramanka Deva and his predecessors was not completed.  In the last canto the poet gives an account of himself and his family.  There is more good poetry than history in this work.  Bilhana’s style is graceful and his descriptions are graphic.

Bilhana has also composed an interesting erotic poem titled ChauraPanchasika of about 50 verses describing the love sports enjoyed by the poet in the company of a beautiful princes with whom he had secret intimacy.  The charming verses are in the form of recollection of the pleasures he had enjoyed in the company of his beloved, by hearing which stricken by the compassion, the king ordered to release him. In the 19th Century A.D., this work was translated into Tamil by BharatiDasan.

To the authorship of Bilhana, is attributed the Natika type of play titled Karnasundari dealing with the marriage of Kamadeva TrailokyaMalla of Anhilvad in his advanced age with Princess MiyanallDeviof Karnataka.



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