The Sankhya is a branch of Indian philosophical system. Actually it is the very first school which was followed by other schools. The Sankhya is a philosophy of dualistic realism, attributed to the sage Kapila. Lord Vishnu who was manifested as Kapila Muni propounded this system.
The main theme of this system is liberation can
be attained through knowing the reality.
The very first phrase in the book “Sankhya Sutram”, advises that “अथ त्रिविधदुःखात्यन्तनिवृत्तिः अत्यन्तपुरुषार्थः”
The very almost virtue of human-life is relief
from the three-fold worries (1. Aadhyaathmika= the worry self-committed in the form of afflicted by
fever, wound, ache etc., 2. Aadhidhaivika= the worry created by the nine planets
(i.e the inconvenience by eclipse) earthly disaster like earth-quake, storm,
flood, thundershower etc., and the 3. AadhiBhauthika= the worry caused by the
animals and birds (Bird flu etc.,)
This system is sometimes describe as the निरीश्वरसाङ्ख्य = ‘Atheistic Sankhya’, as
distinguished from योगशास्त्रम् the Yoga which is
called the सेश्वरसाङ्ख्य = ‘Theistic Sankhya’. The reason
for this that the Sage Kapila did not admit the existence of God and also
thought that God’s existence could not be proved which become as a
controversial point.
This system admits two ultimate realities namely
Purusha and Prakruthi which are independent of each other in respect of their
existence.
Theory of Causation
The Sankhya Metaphysics, especially its doctrine
of Prakruthi, rests mainly on its theory of causation which is known as सत्कार्य-वादः means SatkaaryaVaada.
It is a theory as to the relation of कार्यम् = an effect to its कारणम् means material cause. It is also called आरम्भवादः i.e., the theory of the beginning of the effect anew. This system is strengthen by the following 25
realities: 1. Purusha, 2. Prakruthi, 3. Mahat, 4. Ahankara, 5. Mind, 6. Sense
of viewing, 7. Sense of tasting, 8. Sense of smelling, 9. Sense of hearing, 10. Sense of
touching, 11. Sense organs like Eyes, 12. Tongue, 13, Nose, 14. Ears, 15. Skin,
16-20 The five Thanmaathras are the potential elements or generic essences of
sound, touch, colour, taste and smell, and 21-25 Mahabhoothas = Sky, air, fire,
water and earth (Plasma, Gas, Energy, Liquid and Solid).
Some
important works of the Sankhya System
1. Sankhya
Sutram of Kapila Muni.
2. Unknown
works of Panchasikha.
3. Sankhya
Karika of Isvara Krishna.
4. Sankhya
Karika Bhashya of GoudaPada.
5. Tattva
Kaumudi of Vacaspati.
6. Sankhya
Sara of VijnanaBhikshu, and
7. Sankhya Pravacana
Sutra Vrutti of Aniruddha.
(This blog post is a part of Blogchatter's #BlogchatterA2Z)
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