The literary heritage of India has created a standard literary taste and
due to this a very large number of works on poetics came into existence. Poetics
is one of the branch of Sanskrit Literature. The entire field of Sanskrit
poetics may be regarded as one continued attempt to understand and appreciate
the beauty of literary creations. All aspects of literary activity have been
recorded with necessary details by the great Sanskrit opticians from Bharata to
Jagannatha Pandit. The principal purpose of Sanskrit poetics is to search for
the "soul" of poetry. It has recognized the uniqueness of aesthetic
experience and made it the primary purpose of poetry. The various theories of
rasa (sentiment) are the attempts of poeticians to understand the psychology of
art experience. There are eight schools which differed each other with
different schools of theories, viz., Alaṅkāra, Riti,
Guna, Doṣa, Rasa, Dhvani, Vakrokti and Aucitya.
The book Ekavali by
Vidyadhara is a well-known work on Sanskrit-poetics. It helps to learn,
understand and implement to compose poetry.
Ekavali chapterised with the word Unmesha. There are eight unmeshas that define and
illustrate the poetics rules and regulations.
All the eight unmeshas
of Ekavali consist of three parts: Karikas in verses, which define and classify
the technical terms; the vrtti or the explanations of the Karikas in prose and
the examples given to illustrate the Karikas. It is important to note here that
all the three parts are created by Vidyadhara himself. He does not borrow any
example from any other source. Moreover, he originated a new tradition by
composing all the illustrative verses in praise of his patron, Narasimha of
Orissa. As such, he is a kavi and an acarya, both.
He has set a
tradition, not existent till his time, which was enthusiastically espoused by
his successors in Prataparudrayasobhusana, Nanrajayasobhusana,
Raghunathabhupaliya, Alamkaramanjusa and other works of this kind.
The Ekavali is
fortunate enough to have a Sanskrit commentary ‘Tarala’ by a well-known
Sanskrit commentator Mallinatha which adds the value and importance of the
Ekavali.
In the Ekavali, the
nature of Kavya, three powers viz., Sabdasaktis namely, Abhidha, Laksana, and
Vyanjana, the types of Dhvani, Rasa, Guna, Dosa, Sabdalankaras and
Arthalamkaras are discussed in detail.
(This blogpost is a part of Blogchatter's #BLOGCHATTERA2Z2023)
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