Monday 7 March 2022

THE ESSENCE OF LEADERSHIP EXPLORED FROM MUDRA RAKSHASAM - A SANSKRIT PLAY Part I


About the Play:

The play Mudra Rakshasam, written by a playwrite in Sanskrit deals with how Chanakya secures the services of the Rakshasa, the erstwhile prime minister of Nandas, for Chandragupta.  Rakshasa was a person of great ability, integrity and loyalty.  He is loyal to Nandas, but Chanakya thinks that the qualities and abilities of Rakshasa were needed in the new kingdom.  Chanakya feels that he has already played his role, and that continued the running of the kingdom is better entrusted to Rakshasa.  But how to get rakshasa to come willingly to Chandragupta is the problem facing Chanakya.  So he devises, an enormously subtle and clever plot to get Rakshasa to commit himself willingly to become the prime minister, for, Chanakya knows that once Rakshasa commits willingly, he would serve loyally, being a person of great integrity.



About the Author:

The author of the play Mudra Rakshasam is Visakha Datta.  It is believed that his period was 4th century A.D.  He is known by the name Visakha Deva also.  He was the son of King Bhaskara Datt and the grand-son of Vatesvara Datta.  Of his works, his prominent play Mudra Rakshasam only has been found till now.


Information about Chanakya the great King maker:

Chanakya, the son of Chanaka – this name itself highly remarkable.  His actual name was VishnuGupta, perhaps due to his intigues, he was also called Kautilya.  Being an intellectual leader, Chanakya was truly a phenomenon.  He managed to get support and commitment of numerous kings in North India, but he needed the support of the largest and the most powerful kingdom of North India at the time, namely, Magadha - the present day Bihar.  The kingdom was ruled by a line of arrogant despots, namely, the Nandas, thoroughly drunk in their own power.  They not only were unimpressed by Chanakyas’s arguments, but in fact, insulted him and threw him physically out of the palace. Partly to wreak vengeance for his insult, and partly due to the realization that without overthrowing the Nandas, his mission could not be carried out, he swore to depose the Nandas.

He found a village boy, playing a game of “King and Subjects,” according to a legend, who he felt would be able to make a great kingby virtue of intelligence, shrewdness, and a sense of values.  Chanakya became the mentor and teacher of this star pupil, who did indeed became the instrument to carry out the schemes of Chanakya.  His name was ChandraGupta Maurya, the founder of the Maurya Dynasty whose most famous ruler was Asoka the Great.

ChandraGupta, with strategic advice from Chanakya, went on to defeat the Nandas, every one of whom Chanakya liquidated.  ChandraGupta, with Chanakya as his prime minister, went on establish the first true empire of India, bringing virtually the entire North India and parts of South India under his control, and threw out the Greeks.  Chanakya, it is believed, having achieved his mission of unification and driving out the Greeks, forsook his ministerial position, left the kingdom, and returned to his teaching.  (ChandraGupta himself reigned from 322 to 298 B.C.  He abdicated his thrown, crowned his son, Bindusara as the Emperor, embraced Jainoism, and left the kingdom, wandering as a Jain monk.)

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