ZATAYUPA (SATAYUPA) THE ANCIENT SAGE

 

Zatayupa was an ancient sage and a king of the Kekaya kingdom. He gave up his throne to his son and went to the Kurukshetra forest to meditate. There, he met Dhritarashtra and others and spoke to them about the rules of living in the forest.

He guided them on how to follow a simple and disciplined life. His wisdom was respected, and he played an important role in advising those who had renounced worldly life.

His grandfather was Sahasracitya. His story is mentioned in the Asramavasika Parva (Chapters 19-20) of the Mahabharata.

YAJNAVALKYA AN ANCIENT SAGE

        Yajnavalkya was an ancient sage renowned for his wisdom and spiritual insight. He spent a significant portion of his life serving at the court of King Janaka, where he was both a priest and an advisor. Yajnavalkya's teachings are crucial to understanding Vedic philosophy and are mentioned in various ancient texts, including the Mahabharata, the Agni Purana, and the Upanishads.

One of the key moments in his life took place when King Janaka organized a Yajna (a grand ritual) and promised to award a thousand cows to the sage who could prove to be the most knowledgeable. The cows were to be tied with gold coins on their horns. When no sage dared to claim the prize, Yajnavalkya boldly sent his disciple to take the cows. This act of confidence was questioned by other sages, but Yajnavalkya defended his claim.

One of the sages, Arthabhaga, asked him a complex philosophical question about the soul and its ability to accept another body after death. Yajnavalkya explained that it is through karma (action) that the soul takes on a new birth. The discourse continued with questions about the nature of the soul, the omnipresent Brahman, and the universe. Yajnavalkya's answers were profound, emphasizing that the soul transcends worldly desires and is ultimately one with Brahman, the supreme consciousness.

Throughout his life, Yajnavalkya engaged in many philosophical debates. He responded to questions from other sages, such as Kahola, Gargi, Aruni, and Sakalya. In one of his dialogues, he explained that Brahman, the ultimate reality, is present in everything, yet beyond all understanding. He also discussed the nature of the soul, explaining that it transcends the body, senses, and mind, and it is in a state of consciousness, sleep, and deep slumber, each with different experiences. According to him, attaining knowledge of the soul leads to liberation or Moksha, freeing one from the cycle of birth and death.

Yajnavalkya's teachings were also given in King Janaka's court. During these discussions, he explained that knowledge of Brahman is more important than wealth, fame, or learning. King Janaka was impressed with his insights and offered Yajnavalkya a thousand cows as a reward. However, Yajnavalkya, following his father's teachings, declined the payment, emphasizing that the purpose of knowledge is not to receive material gains but to achieve spiritual enlightenment.

In his later discussions, Yajnavalkya elaborated on the nature of light, both physical and spiritual. He described the sun, moon, and fire as different sources of light, but the ultimate light, he said, is the soul's inner light, Atmajyotis. The soul is the "Purusa," formed by the union of the pranas (life forces) and the inner light of the heart. This understanding helps transcend the limitations of wakefulness, dream, and slumber, leading one toward Moksha.

As Yajnavalkya continued to teach King Janaka, he imparted the essential knowledge that life and death are part of a cycle governed by desires (Kama) and actions (Karma). One can only escape this cycle by transcending desires and acquiring Brahmajnana, the knowledge of the supreme reality. This knowledge liberates the soul, making it immortal. Yajnavalkya's teachings were a profound commentary on the nature of existence and the path to spiritual freedom.

At the end of his life, Yajnavalkya passed on his wisdom to his two wives, Kalyani and Maitreyi, and then ascended to immortality. His teachings were preserved in various texts, including the "Brhadaranyaka Upanishad," which remains one of the key sources of Vedic philosophy.

Yajnavalkya's contributions were not limited to spiritual teachings; he also wrote a treatise on law called the "Mitaksara," which became a highly regarded commentary on legal principles in South India. His work in law, as well as his role as a priest at significant events like the Rajasiiya Yajna of Dharmaputra, showcases his diverse influence.

Yajnavalkya's life and teachings continue to inspire spiritual seekers and scholars today. His wisdom, which emphasizes the pursuit of knowledge over material wealth and the ultimate goal of liberation, remains a cornerstone of Indian philosophical thought. 

XUPA (KSHUPA) THE DIVINE SAGE

 

Xupa was a Prajapati, a creator of beings. His birth is described in the Mahabharata.

One day, Lord Brahma wanted to perform a special sacrifice. However, he could not find a suitable priest to perform the rituals. So, he decided to create one himself. To do this, he kept the priest inside his head, as if he were pregnant.

Brahma carried this being inside him for a thousand years. Then, one day, he sneezed, and from his head, a Prajapati was born. This Prajapati was Xupa.

Brahma made Xupa his priest, known as a Rtvik, to conduct the sacrifice. Xupa performed his duty as required.

Later, Lord Rudra, also known as Bhagavan Rudra or Shiva, recognized Xupa’s abilities. He gave him an important position as a Prajapati, making him a ruler of all living beings.

This story shows how Xupa was created by Brahma and later honoured by Rudra. It highlights the divine way in which great beings were born and chosen for special roles in the universe. (Mahabharata, Sand Parva, Chapter 122) 

WAISAMPAYANA (VAISAMPAYANA) THE GREAT SAGE

 

General Information

Waisampayana was a well-known student of the great sage Vyasa. Vyasa had many important disciples, and Vaisampayana was one of them. The Devi Bhagavata (Skandha 1) mentions that Vyasa’s main disciples were Asita, Devala, Waisampayana, Sumantu, Jaimini, and Paila. These disciples learned sacred knowledge from Vyasa and helped in spreading it.

Other Details

Waisampayana played an important role in preserving and sharing the story of the Bharata. Vyasa had written this great epic, and Waisampayana was chosen to tell it to King Janamejaya. This is mentioned in the Mahabharata (Adi Parva, Chapter 1, Stanza 20).

Vyasa gave Waisampayana the task of narrating the Mahabharata to King Janamejaya. Following his teacher’s instructions, Vaisampayana recited the great story to the king (M.B. Adi Parva, Chapter 60, Verse 22).

Waisampayana also spoke highly of the Mahabharata. He described its greatness and the wisdom it contained. He explained that this epic was not just a story but a source of deep knowledge and moral teachings (M.B. Adi Parva, Chapter 62, Stanza).

However, there was a time when Waisampayana made a serious mistake. Due to ignorance, he committed a grave sin by killing a Brahmin. Despite this act, he was still able to attain heaven. The Mahabharata (Anushasana Parva, Chapter 6, Stanza 36) mentions that he was forgiven and achieved a place in the divine realm.

Waisampayana remains an important figure in Hindu tradition because of his role in preserving the Mahabharata and passing down its teachings. 

VYASA THE GREAT SAGE

                          

Vyasa was a wise sage and the author of the Mahabharata. His name means "one who explains in detail." He was called "Vedavyasa" because he divided the Vedas into four parts.

Birth and Early Life

Vyasa was born to the sage Parashara and a fisherwoman named Kali, also called Matsyagandha (meaning "fish-smelling"). A magical event led to her birth—King Vasu's semen fell into a river, and a fish swallowed it. This fish was actually a celestial woman under a curse. When caught and cut open, she gave birth to twins: a boy and a girl. The boy became a king, and the girl, Kali, was raised by a fisherman.

One day, the sage Parashara met Kali while she was ferrying him across a river. He was attracted to her and created a magical fog for privacy. He blessed her so that she would remain a virgin even after giving birth. She gave birth immediately to a son, Vyasa, who grew up quickly and left to meditate in the forest.

Spiritual Life

Vyasa spent his life as a hermit, teaching the Vedas to students in the forest. He once saw baby birds being lovingly fed by their parents, which awakened his desire for a child. He prayed for a son and, through divine power, had a son named Suka, who later became a great sage. Vyasa’s disciples included Vaisampayana, Jaimini, and Suta, who helped spread his teachings.

Role in the Kuru Dynasty

Vyasa’s mother, Kali (now called Satyavati), later married King Shantanu and became queen of Hastinapura. When her son’s royal lineage faced extinction, she called Vyasa to father children with the widowed queens. His children, Dhritarashtra, Pandu, and Vidura, became the ancestors of the Kauravas and Pandavas. Vyasa guided both families during their struggles.

Writing the Mahabharata

Vyasa later retreated to the Himalayas. Reflecting on life, he composed the Mahabharata, dictating it to Lord Ganesha. The great epic was completed in two and a half years.

Many Vyasas

Hindu scriptures say that Vyasa is one of many sages who appear in different ages to divide and organize the Vedas. The next Vyasa will be Ashwatthama, son of Drona.

Vyasa’s wisdom continues to inspire people worldwide.

VASISTHA THE WISE SAGE

                                                   

Vasistha was a wise sage and the son of Brahma. He is famous in ancient stories and was born three times.

In his first birth, he was created from Brahma’s breath. He married Arundhati, who was raised in a hermitage. When she was five, Brahma arranged for her to be educated by celestial women. One day, she saw Vasistha, and they fell in love. Their marriage was blessed by the gods. They had seven sons, all great sages. The name Vasistha means someone who controls great powers, and Arundhati means one who follows her husband faithfully. After their death, they became stars in the sky. In India, married women are shown the star Arundhati as a symbol of devotion.

In his second birth, Vasistha was born from a sacrificial fire of Brahma. His wife was Aksamala, a rebirth of Arundhati. However, his life ended due to a curse from a king named Nimi.

In his third birth, Vasistha was born from a pot as the son of Mitravaruna. His brother was Agastya, and his wife was another Arundhati, Narada’s sister. Many stories about Vasistha likely happened in his second and third births.

VASISTHA AND VISVAMITRA

Vasistha and Visvamitra were two powerful sages who were enemies throughout their lives. Their conflict began due to a sacred cow named Kamadhenu that belonged to Vasistha.

One day, King Visvamitra and his army visited Vasistha’s hermitage. Vasistha welcomed them and, with the help of Kamadhenu, provided a grand feast. Visvamitra was amazed and asked to buy the cow, but Vasistha refused. Angry, Visvamitra tried to take Kamadhenu by force, but the cow created a powerful army that defeated Visvamitra’s men. When Visvamitra attacked Vasistha directly, his arrows turned into flowers upon touching him. Realizing Vasistha’s spiritual power was greater than his own, Visvamitra vowed to become a powerful sage himself.

In another incident, King Trisanku wanted to go to heaven in his human body. Vasistha refused to help, but Visvamitra performed a ritual to lift him up. However, Indra, the king of the gods, rejected Trisanku, so Visvamitra created a new heaven for him in the sky. This increased their rivalry.

Later, King Harishchandra was caught in a dispute between the two sages. Vasistha tried to help him, while Visvamitra put him through great suffering. This led to another fierce argument, where they cursed each other. As a result, Visvamitra became a stork, and Vasistha became a kingfisher. They fought every day as birds, until Brahma, Vasistha’s father, freed them from the curse.

In another fight, Visvamitra forced the river Sarasvati to drag Vasistha away. However, the river did not want to harm Vasistha, so she carried him past Visvamitra’s hermitage. Angry, Visvamitra cursed the river, turning its water red. Finally, the gods intervened, and both sages made peace. The place became a holy site, known as Vasisthapavaha.

                           

VAMADEVA AN ANCIENT HERMIT

 

Vamadeva and King Sala

King Pariksit and his wife Susobhana had three sons: Sala, Dala, and Bala. When Pariksit grew old, he made his eldest son, Sala, the king and went to the forest for penance.

One day, King Sala went hunting in the forest. While chasing a deer, he asked his charioteer for faster horses. The charioteer told him that such horses could be found at the hermitage of the sage Vamadeva. Sala went there and borrowed the horses on the condition that he would return them later.

After hunting, Sala returned to his kingdom. He was so impressed by the strength and beauty of the horses that he decided to keep them. Vamadeva sent his disciple to take the horses back, but the king refused. This angered Vamadeva, and he went to the court himself to demand his horses. Sala argued that sages did not need such horses.

While they were arguing, fierce giants suddenly appeared and attacked Sala with a trident, killing him. (Mahabharata, Vana Parva, Chapter 192).

Other Information

Vamadeva was a friend of Sage Vasistha and served as a priest for King Dasaratha. (Valmiki Ramayana, Balakanda, Sarga 7, Stanza 3).

He composed Mandala 4 of the Rigveda.

He praised the twin gods Ashvins while still in his mother’s womb. (Rigveda, Mandala 1, Sukta 119).

He once tried to eat dog meat to save Brahmins from starvation. (Manusmriti, Chapter 10, Stanza 106).

He was a respected member of Indra’s assembly. (Mahabharata, Sabha Parva, Chapter 7, Stanza 17).

He gave advice on righteousness to King Vasumanas. 

UPAMANYU A LOYAL STUDENT

Upamanyu was a devoted student of Guru Ayodhadhaumya. The guru had three important students: Aruni, Upamanyu, and Veda. One day, Guru Dhaumya asked Upamanyu to take the cows to the forest for grazing. Every evening, Upamanyu would return home and bow to his teacher.

One day, the guru noticed that Upamanyu looked healthy and well-fed. He asked him how he got his food. Upamanyu replied that he begged for food and ate what he received. The guru then told him to give all the food he collected to him first. Upamanyu obeyed and still looked strong. The guru asked again how he was staying healthy. Upamanyu explained that after giving the food to the guru, he would beg again for more.

The guru told him this was wrong because it took food away from others. Upamanyu obeyed and stopped begging a second time. Yet, he remained fit. The guru asked him again how he was surviving. Upamanyu admitted that he drank milk from the cows he took care of. The guru said this was also not allowed, so Upamanyu stopped drinking milk.

Even after this, Upamanyu was still healthy. The guru asked him how this was possible. Upamanyu replied that he drank the foam left by the calves after they fed on their mothers' milk. The guru told him to stop this as well since it could harm the calves.

Now, Upamanyu had nothing to eat. One day, while looking after the cows, he ate some leaves from a tree. These leaves were poisonous, and he became blind. Unable to see, he wandered in the forest and fell into a deep well. When Upamanyu did not return in the evening, the guru and other students went to look for him. They found him at the bottom of the well. The guru told him to pray to the divine twin doctors, the Asvins, for help.

Upamanyu prayed sincerely, and the Asvins appeared. They gave him a piece of bread to eat. However, Upamanyu refused to eat before offering it to his guru. The Asvins tested him by saying his guru had once eaten without sharing. Still, Upamanyu did not eat first. Pleased with his devotion, the Asvins blessed him. His sight was restored, and they gave him gold teeth. Upamanyu returned happily to his guru, who praised him for his dedication and obedience.

 

TRNABINDU THE GREAT SAGE

Trnabindu was a wise and powerful sage. He spent his time meditating and doing penance at a sacred place called Rsitirtha. He was also the grandfather of Visravas, who later became the father of Ravana, the famous king of Lanka.

Trnabindu's Daughter and the Curse

Trnabindu had a daughter named Manini. Her story is mentioned in the Uttara Ramayana. One day, a great sage named Pulastya was meditating in a peaceful spot in the Himalayas. But a group of heavenly women, called Deva Gandharvas, arrived there and started singing and dancing. Their noise disturbed Pulastya, and he became angry. In his rage, he placed a curse on the place, saying that any woman who came there would become pregnant.

Manini did not know about this curse. She went to the same spot and, as a result, became pregnant. Shocked and scared, she ran back to her father, Trnabindu, crying. She told him everything that had happened. Trnabindu, being a wise and responsible father, took her to Pulastya and asked him to marry her. The sage agreed, and Manini became his wife. Their son, Visravas, was later born. Visravas went on to become a great sage himself and was the father of Ravana, the famous demon king.

How Trnabindu Cursed Hanuman

There is another interesting story about Trnabindu and Hanuman, the mighty monkey warrior. One day, Hanuman got into a playful fight with a lion and an elephant. He caught both animals and tied them to two posts outside Trnabindu’s ashram (hermitage).

Later, when Trnabindu stepped outside, he saw the huge lion and elephant tied up near his ashram. For a brief moment, he was startled. Then, using his divine powers, he realized that Hanuman had done this mischief. Trnabindu was displeased and placed a curse on Hanuman. He said that Hanuman would forget all his divine powers.

Hanuman was upset and begged for forgiveness. Seeing Hanuman’s sorrow, Trnabindu softened his curse a little. He said that Hanuman would regain his powers at the right time. Another monkey from his species would remind him of his lost strength.

Many years later, Hanuman was with a group of monkeys searching for Sita, Lord Rama’s wife, who had been kidnapped by Ravana. They reached the shore of India, where they needed to cross the ocean to reach Lanka. But none of the monkeys knew how to make the leap. Hanuman, too, had forgotten his great powers because of Trnabindu’s curse.

At that moment, an old and wise monkey named Jambavan approached Hanuman. He reminded him of his incredible strength and abilities. The moment Hanuman realized his true power, his strength returned, and he became his mighty self again. He then took a great leap across the ocean and began his mission to find Sita.

This is the story of Trnabindu, the great sage who played an important role in the history of Hindu Puranas. 

SATYAKAMA (SATYAKAMA JABALA )

 

 

Satyakama was a wise and honest hermit, known for his simplicity and dedication. There is an important story about him in the Chandogya Upanishad that shows his truthfulness and the greatness of his character. Satyakama's father passed away when he was still a young boy, and he was raised by his mother, Jabali. When he was old enough to begin his education, he told his mother, "I want to study the Vedas, but I don’t know which family or clan I belong to. What should I say when my teacher asks me about my clan?"

Jabali, his mother, replied, "I don’t know about your father's clan. When I was young, I married your father, and after that, I was busy with household duties. I never asked him about his clan. Shortly after you were born, your father passed away. Tell your teacher that you are Satyakama, the son of Jabali."

With this, Satyakama set off in search of a teacher. Eventually, he found the hermitage of a wise sage named Gautama. He went to the sage and told him the truth about his background. Gautama, impressed by the boy’s honesty, believed that Satyakama was from a noble family and accepted him as a disciple. The sage gave Satyakama the responsibility of looking after four hundred lean cows. Satyakama accepted the task and promised the sage, "When I return with a thousand healthy cows, I will bring them back to you."

Satyakama went to the forest to tend to the cows. During this time, the wind (Vayu), the sun, fire (Agni), and the divine spirit (Prana) took pity on him. They blessed him with wisdom and divine knowledge. After some time, Satyakama returned with the thousand healthy cows. When Gautama saw the boy, whose face seemed to glow with divine light, he was amazed. The sage asked, "Who gave you such great wisdom?"

Satyakama told the sage the whole story. Pleased with the boy’s sincerity and wisdom, Gautama imparted knowledge to Satyakama about the Supreme Soul, or Paramatma. From then on, Satyakama became a great hermit.

Satyakama had many students, and one of them was Upakosala, a young boy who served him for many years. Upakosala worked hard, keeping the sacred fire burning for twelve years without allowing it to go out. During this time, he worshipped the fire god, Agni, but Satyakama did not teach him. Upakosala’s dedication was noticed by Satyakama’s wife, who suggested that her husband should teach the boy. However, Satyakama did not respond.

In the end, Upakosala decided to fast and meditate before the sacred fire, vowing to not eat until he was taught. Agni, the fire god, was moved by his devotion and spoke to him, saying, "The Divine is all-pervading. Your teacher will guide you on the path to understanding the Supreme Being."

When Upakosala returned to Satyakama, his face shone with the light of divine knowledge. Satyakama noticed this and asked the boy why his face was so bright. Upakosala explained what Agni had told him. Immediately, Satyakama began teaching him the path of yoga, guiding him towards a deeper understanding of the soul and its connection with the universe.

In this way, Satyakama's wisdom and kindness helped many people, including his students, reach a higher understanding of the divine. His story teaches us the importance of truthfulness, dedication, and the pursuit of spiritual knowledge. 

RSYASRNGA THE GREAT SAGE

 

Birth:

RsyaSrnga was the son of the sage Vibhandaka, who was the son of Kasyapa. There is a strange story about RsyaSrnga in the Mahabharata. One day, Vibhandaka saw the celestial woman Urvashi at Mahahrada. This sight caused an involuntary emission of semen, which fell into the water. A female deer came to drink the water and swallowed the semen. Later, the deer became pregnant and gave birth to a human child with deer horns. Because of this, Vibhandaka named the boy RsyaSrnga. The father and son lived together in the forest, and RsyaSrnga grew up there, never having seen anyone except his father.

Rainfall in Anga:

The kingdom of Anga was ruled by King Lomapada, who was a friend of King Dasaratha. Lomapada once wronged a Brahmana, which caused all the Brahmanas to leave the kingdom. After this, there was no rain, and a terrible drought and famine followed. The King consulted some Brahmanas, who advised him that if he could bring a sage who had never seen a woman to perform a yaga (sacrificial ritual), rain would return to the land. After searching far and wide, Lomapada learned about RsyaSrnga, the sage who had never seen a woman. Lomapada thought of a plan to bring RsyaSrnga to Anga. He called for a group of women, including a prostitute, to try and tempt RsyaSrnga. The women sailed on a boat near the forest where RsyaSrnga lived. One woman went to meet him, and using her charms, she captivated him. She claimed to be the daughter of another sage and created a strong attraction in RsyaSrnga. After she left, he felt lonely and unhappy.

When his father Vibhandaka returned, he noticed RsyaSrnga's distress and asked what happened. RsyaSrnga, not understanding the nature of women, described her as a young man, which made Vibhandaka realize it was a woman. The woman returned again, and this time, RsyaSrnga followed her. They sailed in the boat down the river until they reached Lomapada’s palace. There, RsyaSrnga was married to Lomapada’s daughter, Santa. To make up for the trouble caused, Lomapada sent valuable gifts to Vibhandaka. When Vibhandaka arrived, he was greeted by the people of Anga. After realizing that the kingdom now belonged to his son, he calmed down. He told RsyaSrnga to return to the forest after having a child, and left the palace. As a result of RsyaSrnga’s yaga, rain returned, and the famine ended.

RsyaSrnga in Ayodhya:

King Dasaratha of Ayodhya had no children for many years. His minister, Sumantra, suggested that he invite RsyaSrnga to perform a yaga. Lomapada sent RsyaSrnga to Ayodhya, where he performed a special yaga called Putrakamesti. From the sacrificial fire, a dark figure appeared holding a pot of pudding. Dasaratha received the pudding and shared it with his wives. Kausalya and Kaikeyi gave part of their share to Sumitra. As a result, Kausalya gave birth to Rama, Kaikeyi to Bharata, and Sumitra had two sons, Lakshmana and Shatrughna. This yaga granted Dasaratha his sons, fulfilling his long-held wish. 

QUINDAMA THE SAGE (KINDAMA)

 

A long time ago, there was a great sage named Quindama. He was known for his wisdom and spiritual powers. One day, Sage Quindama and his wife transformed into deer and wandered through the forest. They enjoyed the peaceful life of the woods, away from the world of humans.

At the same time, King Pandu, a brave ruler, was in the forest hunting for animals. While searching for prey, he spotted a he-deer and aimed his arrow at it. Without realizing that it was actually, the Sage Quindama in disguise, he released the arrow. The arrow hit the deer, and to the king’s shock, the animal changed back into its human form-the wounded Sage Quindama.

The sage, in great pain, looked at King Pandu and spoke, "O King, you have done something terrible. You attacked me while I was with my wife. A hunter should never shoot an innocent being, especially one who is not harming anyone. Because of this, I curse you! If you ever embrace your wife again, you will die instantly!" With these words, Sage Quindama took his last breath and passed away.

King Pandu was filled with regret and fear. The curse troubled him deeply because he had two wives, Kunti and Madri, and now he could never have children with them. Feeling sorrowful, Pandu left his kingdom and went to live in the forest with his wives, following a life of penance and self-control.

Many years passed, and Pandu strictly followed the curse, avoiding any physical contact with his wives. However, one day, he forgot about the curse. Overcome with love, he embraced Madri. The moment he did so, the curse took effect, and he collapsed to the ground, lifeless.

Madri was devastated. She could not bear to live without her husband and chose to sacrifice herself on his funeral pyre. Kunti, left alone, took care of their children and guided them in life.

This tragic event shaped the future of Pandu’s sons, who later became the famous Pandavas in the great epic, the Mahabharata.

Conclusion

The story of Sage Quindama and King Pandu teaches an important lesson about actions and consequences. King Pandu's mistake of unknowingly harming an innocent sage led to a tragic curse that changed his life forever. Despite his efforts to live a life of self-control, a single moment of forgetfulness cost him his life.

This tale highlights the themes of fate, destiny, and the power of curses in ancient stories. It also shows the importance of wisdom, responsibility, and self-awareness. The events that followed shaped the future of the Pandavas, playing a key role in the great epic, Mahabharata. Ultimately, the story reminds us that every action has consequences, and one must always be mindful of their choices.

PANCASIKHA-A WISE SAGE

Pancasikha was a great sage from ancient times. The Puranas, ancient Hindu texts, tell us about his life.

He was a student of Asuri, a famous teacher. Asuri’s wife, Kapila, took care of Pancasikha when he was a child. She even breastfed him. Because of this, people sometimes called him "Kapila."

Pancasikha lived in a place called Pancha­srotas. He was very devoted to his spiritual practices. He performed a special ritual, called a Yaga, for a thousand years. This made him powerful and wise. That is how he got the name Pancasikha.

One day, he went to the court of King Janaka, a very learned and wise ruler. In the king’s court, there were many scholars and great thinkers. Pancasikha had a debate with King Janaka. Even though Janaka was very intelligent, Pancasikha won the debate.

The king was very impressed by Pancasikha’s wisdom. Instead of being angry about losing, King Janaka showed great respect for him. He invited Pancasikha to stay in his court as his Guru (teacher).

Pancasikha accepted the offer and lived in Janaka’s palace for many years. He taught the king and his people deep spiritual knowledge.

This story shows that wisdom is more important than power. Even a great king like Janaka was willing to learn from someone wiser than him. Pancasikha’s life teaches us that true knowledge comes with patience, dedication, and the willingness to learn from others.

His name and teachings remain respected in Hindu philosophy, inspiring seekers of wisdom even today. 

OORDHVABAHU (URDHVABAHU)

    Oourdhvabahu was the son of the sage Vasistha and his wife, Urja. He had six brothers: Raja, Gatra, Savana, Alaghu, Sukra, and Sutapah. Together, they were known as the seven great sages.

According to the Agni Purana (Chapter 20), these sages were born to Urja and Vasistha. They were highly respected and played important roles in ancient Hindu traditions.

Oordhvabahu is also mentioned in the Mahabharata (Anusasana Parva, Chapter 150). It is said that he performed deep penance in South India. Penance, or tapas, is a form of spiritual practice where a person meditates, prays, and follows strict discipline to gain wisdom and spiritual power.

Oordhvabahu was known for his devotion and dedication to spiritual life. His penance would have included meditation, fasting, and living in solitude, as was common among sages seeking enlightenment. His story is an example of great determination and religious dedication.

Many ancient texts honour sages like Oordhvabahu for their wisdom and spiritual achievements. Their lives continue to inspire those who follow Hindu traditions and seek a higher understanding of life. 

NARADA - A FAMOUS SAGE OF THE PURANAS

 

Birth of Narada

Narada was the son of Brahma, born from his lap. Brahma, the creator god, also created seven great sages known as the Saptarishis. Their names were Marici, Angiras, Atri, Pulastya, Vasistha, Pulaha, and Kratu. From Brahma’s anger, Rudra (Shiva) was born. From his right thumb, he created Daksha, and from his mind, he created Sanaka and other sages. Brahma also had a daughter named Virani, born from his left thumb. Daksha later married Virani.

Important Stories About Narada

1. Narada and the Power of a Chant

Once, Brahma taught Narada a powerful chant that could remove all sins from the Kali Yuga (the present age). The chant was: Hare Rama Hare Rama, Rama Rama Hare Hare, Hare Krishna Hare Krishna, Krishna Krishna Hare Hare. This mantra is now widely known as the Hare Krishna mantra and is believed to bring peace and liberation.

2. Narada and the Writing of the Ramayana

Narada played an important role in inspiring Valmiki to write the Ramayana. One day, Valmiki asked Narada who the greatest man in the world was. Narada replied that it was Lord Rama and told Valmiki a short version of Rama’s story. Later, Valmiki saw a hunter kill a bird and, feeling deep sorrow, composed a verse, which became the first shloka (verse) of the Ramayana.

3. Narada and Veda Vyasa’s Son

Veda Vyasa, the great sage who compiled the Mahabharata, was once very sad because he had no children. When he asked Narada for advice, Narada told him to worship Parashakti, the supreme power. Vyasa followed his advice and performed prayers at Kailasa (Lord Shiva’s abode). As a result, he was blessed with a son named Suka.

4. Narada and Goddess Lakshmi

One day, Narada visited Vaikuntha, the home of Lord Vishnu, playing his vina (a musical instrument). As soon as Lakshmi, Vishnu’s wife, saw him, she shyly went inside. Narada asked Vishnu why Lakshmi behaved that way. Vishnu explained that nobody can fully escape Maya (illusion). Lakshmi’s brief attraction to Narada was due to the influence of Maya.

5. Narada and Mount Vindhya

Narada once played a small role in the story of Mount Vindhya. The mountain wanted to be taller than the Sun’s path. Narada jokingly told Vindhya that the Sun always circled Mount Meru, ignoring Vindhya. Envious, Vindhya began growing taller. Later, the sage Agastya had to push the mountain down to stop it from growing further.

6. Narada’s Visit to the Underworld

Narada once traveled to Patalaloka (the underworld), where he was warmly welcomed by the great devotee Prahlada, son of the demon king Hiranyakashipu. Narada later returned after being treated as a respected guest.

7. Narada’s Curse on Kubera’s Sons

Once, Narada cursed Nalakubara and Manigriva, the sons of Kubera, the god of wealth. Because of his curse, they were turned into two trees. They were later freed from this curse when baby Krishna touched them with his mortar while playing.

8. Narada and Kamsa

Narada played a role in the story of Lord Krishna’s early life. He told Kamsa, Krishna’s wicked uncle, that Krishna was living in Gokul. He also revealed Krishna’s past and his divine nature, which made Kamsa fearful and angry.

9. Narada and the Demon Vrkasura

Once, the demon Vrkasura asked Narada which of the three supreme gods (Brahma, Vishnu, or Shiva) was easiest to please. Narada said it was Lord Shiva. Vrkasura followed Narada’s advice, performed deep penance, and won Lord Shiva’s favor.

Conclusion

Narada was a very special sage in Hindu mythology. He traveled across the three worlds (heaven, earth, and the underworld) and influenced many great events. He was known for his wisdom, devotion to Lord Vishnu, and love for spreading spiritual knowledge. He was also mischievous at times, but his actions always led to the greater good.

MADHUCCHANDAS THE SAGE AND POET OF THE RIGVEDA

 

Madhucchandas was a wise and respected sage in ancient India. He was one of the sons of the famous sage Vishvamitra, who had 101 sons in total. Madhucchandas was especially known for his deep understanding of Vedic literature and his skill in composing hymns. He was also a talented singer, which made his hymns even more powerful and influential.

One of his greatest contributions was writing the very first hymn of the Rigveda, the oldest and most sacred text in Hinduism. This hymn was dedicated to Agni, the fire god, who is seen as a divine messenger between humans and gods. In total, Madhucchandas is credited with composing the first ten hymns in Mandala 1 of the Rigveda. These hymns praise various gods and express gratitude for their blessings.

Madhucchandas is also recognized for following the Vanaprastha Ashrama, which is the third stage of life in the Hindu tradition. This stage comes after being a householder and involves moving towards a life of spirituality, meditation, and detachment from worldly affairs. This means that he lived a disciplined and pious life, focusing on wisdom and devotion.

Preserving Knowledge - His hymns helped preserve and pass down the spiritual wisdom of the Vedic tradition, which continues to influence Hindu practices today.

Inspiring Devotion - His verses encourage people to connect with the divine through prayer and devotion.

A Role Model - As a learned sage, he set an example of discipline, wisdom, and a balanced life, which is still respected today.

Madhucchandas' contributions show how poetry, music, and spirituality can come together to create something timeless. His hymns remind us that words have great power-they can inspire, guide, and bring people closer to the divine. Even today, his verses are recited in Hindu rituals, proving that true wisdom never fades.

His life also teaches an important lesson about balance after fulfilling responsibilities, one should focus on inner peace and self-discovery. In a world full of distractions, we can take inspiration from him and seek deeper meaning in our lives.

LIKHITA AN ANCIENT SAGE

 

Likhita was an ancient sage. A long time ago, during the rule of King Sudyumna, there lived two sages, Sankha and Likhita, by the river Bahuda. They each had their own hermitage and spent their time in meditation and prayer.

One day, Likhita visited his elder brother Sankha’s hermitage. He was very hungry, and since no one was there, he took some vegetables and started eating them. Just then, Sankha returned and saw what Likhita had done. Sankha was upset because Likhita had taken the vegetables without asking for permission. In those days, stealing was a serious crime, and the punishment was to have the thief’s hands cut off.

Sankha believed in following the law, so he sent Likhita to King Sudyumna for justice. When Likhita arrived at the palace, the King welcomed him with respect and offered him a seat. Likhita then honestly told the King what had happened. After hearing his story, King Sudyumna followed the law and ordered that Likhita’s hands be cut off.

With his hands bleeding, Likhita went back to his brother and bowed before him. Instead of feeling sorry for him, Sankha praised him for accepting the punishment bravely. Then, Sankha advised Likhita to take a holy bath in the Bahuda River.

Likhita obeyed his brother and bathed in the river. To his amazement, new hands began to grow from his body, fresh and soft like lotus buds. Overjoyed, he rushed back to Sankha to show him the miracle.

Sankha smiled and told Likhita that this happened because of his deep penance and devotion. Likhita was surprised and asked why his brother had not used his spiritual power to help him before.

Sankha explained that it was not his role to punish or forgive. The duty of justice belonged to the King. By following the law properly, King Sudyumna had proven himself to be a great ruler.

This story teaches us that everyone must follow the law, no matter who they are. It also shows that true power lies in accepting justice and having faith in divine blessings. 

KANVA (KASYAPA) THE FAMOUS SAGE

 

Kanva was a famous sage in ancient India. He is well-known in old stories because he raised a girl named Sakuntala. Kanva was born in the family of Sage Kasyapa, who was the son of Brahma. Because of this, he was sometimes called Kaiyapa. His father was Medhatithi, as mentioned in the Mahabharata. Kanva lived in a hermitage near the river Malini with many students.

Kanvasrama (Kanva’s Hermitage)

According to the Mahabharata, Kanvasrama was located on the northern shore of the river Pravem. Some people believe that Kanvagrama, a village connected to Kanva, was on the banks of the river Chambal, about four miles south of Kota in present-day Rajasthan.

How Kanva Found Sakuntala

A powerful sage named Visvamitra started doing intense meditation. Indra, the king of the gods, became worried about Visvamitra’s growing power and wanted to disturb him. He sent a beautiful celestial woman named Menaka to distract him. Visvamitra and Menaka fell in love, and soon Menaka gave birth to a baby girl. However, they left the child alone in the forest. Birds (called ‘Sakuntas’ in Sanskrit) took care of her, so she was named Sakuntala. One day, Kanva found her in the forest and took her to his hermitage, where he raised her.

The Yaga of Bharata

Bharata, the son of King Dushyanta, performed a special type of fire ritual (Yaga) called ‘Govitata.’ Kanva was the main priest who conducted the ritual. This is mentioned in the Mahabharata.

Kanva and Duryodhana

Once, Kanva told Duryodhana a story about a couple named Matali and Sudharma. They were looking for a good husband for their daughter, Gunakesi. This story appears in the Mahabharata’s Udyoga Parva.

Kanva and Sri Rama

After Lord Rama returned to Ayodhya from his exile, many sages from different regions visited him. Kanva was one of the sages who came from the east. Other sages who visited included Vasistha, Atri, Visvamitra, Gautama, Jamadagni, Bharadvaja, Sanaka, Sarabhariga, Durvasa, Matanga, Vibhandaka, and Tumburu.

Kanva and the Rgveda

The Rgveda, one of the oldest sacred texts, is divided into ten sections called Mandalas. Different Rishi families wrote different sections. The second Mandala was written by the Bhargava family, the third by the Visvamitra family, the fourth by the family of Vamadeva, the fifth by the Atri family, the sixth by the Bharadvaja family, and the seventh by the Vasistha family. Kanva’s family wrote fifty hymns in the first Mandala and the entire eighth Mandala.

Kanva’s Family

Kanva had a son named Medhatithi, who was also mentioned in the Rgveda. A particular hymn (Sukta twelve of Anuvaka four in the first Mandala) describes him as a sage.

Kanva also had a daughter named Indivaraprabha, born to Menaka. This story is mentioned in the Kathasaritsagara, an ancient collection of stories.

Conclusion

Kanva was a great sage and teacher. He played an important role in raising Sakuntala, conducting rituals for kings, and contributing to the Rgveda. His wisdom and stories continue to be remembered in Indian puranas.

JAIMINI THE GREAT SAGE

 

Jaimini was a highly learned hermit and an ancient Indian scholar. He was one of the five main disciples of the great sage Vyasa, along with Sumantu, Paila, Vaisampayana, and Suka (who was also Vyasa’s son). According to the Devi Bhagavata, Vyasa had other students as well, such as Asita and Devala.

Jaimini played an important role in preserving and spreading Vyasa’s work called Jaya, which later became the Mahabharata. Both Jaimini and Vaisampayana contributed additions to Jaya. Another Sanskrit book, Jaimini Bharata, contains only the Asvamedha Parva, a section of the Mahabharata.

Jaimini was also the founder of the Mīmāṃsā school of Hindu philosophy, which focuses on interpreting the Vedas. He is traditionally believed to be the author of the Mimamsa Sutras and the Jaimini Sutras, important texts in Hindu philosophy and Vedic astrology. He is estimated to have lived between the 4th and 2nd centuries BCE.

More About Jaimini

1.      The Brahmanda Purana (Chapter 1) states that Jaimini told this Purana’s story to Hiranyanabha at a place called Naimisaranya.

2.      He was present at the sarpasatra, a great ritual performed by King Janamejaya to destroy all serpents (Adi Parva, Chapter 53, Stanza 6).

3.      Jaimini was an important member of King Yudhisthira’s royal council (Sabha Parva, Chapter 4, Stanza 11).

4.      During the great Bharata war, he visited Bhishma while he lay on a bed of arrows (Shanti Parva, Chapter 46, Stanza 7).

Jaimini’s contributions to Indian philosophy, literature, and astrology are invaluable. His work continues to influence scholars and spiritual seekers even today.